12/18/2023 0 Comments Umbra collapsible laundry basketIf you decide to buy a collapsible fabric laundry basket, make sure that the mesh is a durable material. Choose from Same Day Delivery, Drive Up or Order Pickup plus free shipping on orders 35+. Heart Home 3 in 1 Large Durable Plastic Kitchen Sink Dish Rack Drainer Drying Rack Washing Basket (Green)-HEART10740 Amazon Brand. Most fabric laundry baskets are made of breathable mesh. Shop Target for collapsible plastic laundry basket you will love at great low prices. Still, you can use a collapsible laundry basket with no holes to wash dishes or pets or even hold ice for drinks. Some have no holes at all, which can be a problem if you leave damp clothes in them. Many plastic collapsible laundry baskets have holes near the top or the bottom, but not the middle. VentilationĬollapsible baskets often don’t have as much ventilation as regular laundry baskets, meaning the clothes in them can become musty if they’re damp. tightly woven water-resistant synthetic strands beautifully wrapped around a sturdy steel frame with a convenient collapsible design. Fabric baskets often have convenient pockets on the side to carry your detergent. Youll love the Wayfair Basics® Collapsible Laundry Hamper at Wayfair. It can hold a large load of laundry without being overly bulky, and it boasts a weight capacity of 55 pounds. Plastic laundry baskets are easy to keep fresh, whereas fabric laundry baskets can get damp and begin to smell.įabric laundry baskets can fold down to 2 inches thick or smaller, whereas plastic models are usually around 3 inches thick when collapsed. Perfect for saving space in small laundry rooms and closets, the CleverMade Collapsible Fabric Laundry Basket is lightweight, comfortable to carry, and roomy. 1-48 of 691 results for'laundry basket umbra' Results Price and other details may vary based on product size and colour. BlissTotes Laundry Basket, Laundry Hamper, Collapsible Laundry Baskets, Dirty Clothes Hamper, Waterproof with Foam Protected Aluminum Handles for College Dorm, Family 90L (Black) 1,511. Leesa Sapira Hybrid Mattress (Queen) Our PickLeesa deal price: 1,100 (use code WIRECUTTER) street price: 1,700. Plastic laundry baskets typically have comfortable nonslip handles that are much easier to carry than fabric laundry baskets. Most fabric laundry baskets are made with stainless steel frames and rigid polyester handles. In general, plastic laundry baskets are more durable, but many fabric laundry baskets are surprisingly sturdy. However, if you live in an RV, dorm or tiny home, regular-size laundry baskets can take up valuable space.Ī laundry basket that folds down flat is the perfect way to buy yourself extra space in your laundry area, but which one is best? Considerations before you buy a collapsible laundry basket Fabric vs. Laundry is a seemingly never-ending chore, but it’s a lot easier to manage if you have a capable laundry basket. Which collapsible laundry basket is the best? Umbra Cinch Laundry Hamper, Gray, White Visit the Umbra Store 4.
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12/18/2023 0 Comments Tweetdeck for chrome mobileAs someone who detests Twitter's default interface, and as a TweetDeck fan, I think the program offers an impressive experience, but I disagree with the "small app that can fit your pocket thing", at a 168MB it is anything but small. The application opens links in your default browser, but you can toggle an option from the Settings menu, to make it load directly in the program's window.Ītomic TweetDeck is an open source Electron app. Go back a page with alt + left arrow, or Forward with alt + right arrow. Thought the program refreshes the timeline automatically, you can do it manually by using Ctrl + R. it won't copy a Tweet's URL, or a profile link, and instead copies a link to TweetDeck's website. In case of text content, the menu's copy page link option doesn't work as expected, e.g. Similarly, you can also to copy a link to the media, it uses Twitter's URL shortening service for this. When you have an image open and right right-click on it, the menu allows you to copy the photo to the clipboard. The app can open media content directly, so you don't need to open the web browser just to view a picture or play a video. If you've used TweetDeck before, you may know that it has different right-click menus based on the content that you clicked on.Ītomic TweetDeck retains the experience for the most part, i.e., clicking the three-dot button offers the same options, but the app has some extra menus. The app support s a few keyboard shortcuts, you can minimize it with the hotkey Ctrl + W. Double-click on the tray icon or use its right-click menu > Toggle to bring back the window. The program sits in the system tray while minimized. Login to your Twitter account, and maximize the window. I suppose calling Atomic TweetDeck a web wrapper isn't totally fair, since it does offer some unique options. For those unaware, the sidebar on the left has buttons to compose a Tweet, perform a search on Twitter, view your timeline, access your lists, add columns, etc. If you're used to the original, there is no learning curve here. The interface is identical to Tweetdeck's web UI, which is a good thing. The first thing you're probably going to ask is, how and why is it using TweetDeck's logo and design? It isn't, the app is sort of a web wrapper that allows you to access TweetDeck, in other words, it's a web browser that is limited to the official site: The app is portable, and starts in a compact window. If you want a standalone application that resembles the website, Atomic TweetDeck is an interesting choice. 12/18/2023 0 Comments Joke gifts for womenMakes you want to do nice things for me all the time, right?.Just a little thanks for the big way you showed up for me.Doesn’t come close to showing you how grateful I really am.Just a little something to show my appreciation.Add some sweet words with your next-level appreciation gesture with these gift card message ideas. Sending a gift card along with your thank you is like the cherry on top of an ice-cream sundae-you don’t have to include it, but there’s something about it that takes it to the next level. For a cute outfit, plus maybe one for the baby.Even though your family feels so complete…I thought you might be able to use this.Have fun getting your little cutie all geared up!.A little something for you and the little one!.Now you can buy something when you’re up at 3 a.m.Write them a little note using these message ideas for inspiration. Merry Christmas and Happy New _! ĭiapers, formula, clothes, blankets, baby shampoo…and that’s just the must-have stuff! New parents are in serious need of gift cards, so they can get their preferred brands of whatever it is they need.A little holiday treat from your favorite elf!.For the thing that wouldn’t fit on Santa’s sleigh.Santa needed help saving space in his sack.You have 12 days of Christmas to spend this.Gift cards: Almost as magical as flying reindeer.Hoping this adds a little extra happy to your holidays.I figured you’d know better than Santa.Make the gift extra merry with these message ideas for Christmas gift cards. Yet another giving occasion that comes every year! Gift cards at Christmas are a great way to take the stress off when you’ve got a big list to shop for…or just people who are hard to shop for. Is your birthday wish a gift card? Because….Presents are like noses: better to pick them yourself!.Trust me-this is better than the 60 cats I was going to get you.Because a bottle of wine wouldn’t fit in the envelope.Turning a year older calls for a little splurge, am I right? (I’m right.).Because you’re never too old to spend money.Cheers to you! Cheers to your year ahead!.Gift card? Bacon? It was a really tough decision.I never know what to get you…but you do!.Even the best gift-getter has to admit that since birthdays come around EVERY YEAR…you kinda start to run out of ideas eventually! Pair your gift card with one of these message ideas for a fun birthday present that’ll bring them joy after the big day is over. Gift cards are such a great birthday gift. If you want to go a little more emotional, we’ve got lots of ideas for what to write inside a wedding card. Great news! You won’t have to return this.Ī cute little message is great for a gift card.Buy more clutter! That’s the marriage way.I couldn’t log on to your registry because I forget every password ever.Fun fact: Wedded bliss often involves shopping.Travel money for your trip to happily ever after.Remember, you’ll probably have to share this.(Better yet, gives them something to do together-shop!) Add one of these ideas for wedding gift card messages, and you’ve got a sweet gift they’ll appreciate. So a gift card is a fine way to help the happy couple start their new life. These days, couples are marrying later in life, which means they’re much more likely to be set with towels and dishes. Just a little something from me to you.They’re short, sweet wishes that let them know you care! These gift card message ideas are great for when you want the gesture of giving the gift itself to do most of the talking. Inspired? Create and share by tagging Short and Simple From groceries to spa days and “just because” to birthdays, here are dozens of ideas for messages to accompany your gift card. So we got our writers to come up with gift card message ideas for every giving situation we could think of. In fact, there are several situations in which a gift card can be incredibly meaningful.īut, just like greeting cards, it’s the words from you that make a gesture special. But we’re here to offer the opinion that gift cards can be just as thoughtful as a physical gift. There are some people who are inclined to say that gift cards are impersonal. 12/18/2023 0 Comments Logging aem3.5 bar evomThis data is not a comprehensive listing nor guaranteed to be accurate. The following is a list of reported vehicle applications. GM Delphi / Packard Metri-Pack ( Metripack ) P2S Sensor Connector PigtailĠ-100 psi Pressure Sensor / Industrial Stainless Steel Isolated Pressure TransducerĪEM 2 bar MAP ( 30 PSIA ) Pressure Sensor Kit - PN 30-2130-30ĪEM 3.5 bar MAP ( 50 PSIA ) Pressure Sensor Kit - PN 30-2130-50ĪEM 5 bar MAP ( 75 PSIA ) Pressure Sensor Kit - PN 30-2130-75 GM Delphi / Packard - Metri-Pack ( Metripack ) P2S Sensor Connector Kit GM Delphi / Packard Metri-Pack ( Metripack ) P2S Sensor Connector (3 way, connector only) GM Delphi / Packard - 150.P2S Metri-Pack ( Metripack ) Female Terminal ( 22 - 18 gauge ) GM Delphi / Packard - 3-way GT150 replacement Pigtail for 3-way MP 150.P2S (3 pin circular connector for sensors)ģ Way GM / AEM Pressure Sensor Receptacle Connector Kitģ Way GM / AEM Pressure Sensor Receptacle Connector Pigtail GM Delphi / Packard - 3-way GT150 replacement assembly for 3-way MP 150.P2S (3 pin circular connector for sensors) GM Delphi / Packard - GT 150 Cable Seal, Yellow ( 20 - 16 gauge ) for 3.5mm centerline only GM Delphi / Packard - GT 150 3.5mm Centerline Female Terminal, 18 gauge Tin Plated GM Delphi / Packard - 3-way GT150 replacement kit for 3-way MP 150.P2S (3 pin circular connector kit for sensors) See Other Products From This ManufacturerģD Printed Flex Fuel Sensor Mounting Bracket News | Home > Shop > Connectors / Harnesses > Delphi / Packard > Connector Kits > GM Delphi / Packard - 3-way GT150 replacement kit for 3-way MP 150.P2S (3 pin circular connector kit for sensors) We strongly recommend shipping with UPS during this time if you have a time sensitive need. Postal service delivery times may be longer than expected, and disruptions in tracking are more likely. SHIPPING UPDATE: In conjunction with the holiday shipping season, US Postal Service has been experiencing increasing delays and service disruptions. Home » Shop » Connectors / Harnesses » Delphi / Packard » Connector Kits » GM Delphi / Packard - 3-way GT150 replacement kit for 3-way MP 150.P2S (3 pin circular connector kit for sensors) 12/17/2023 0 Comments Kannauj mitti attar onlineIt keeps you odorless and fresh smelling and the fragrance of the attar is believed to reduce stress, improve mood, and offer better sleep. Yes, you may use attar daily owing to its several benefits. Yes, attar is generally considered safe for the skin as they are chemical- and alcohol-free and do not contain any synthetic ingredients.Īttar tends to be expensive because of the use of organic and high-quality raw materials, natural ingredients, and labor-intensive processes required in their manufacturing. Moreover, attar may last for 7-24 hours while perfumes dissipate within 1-5 hours. Therefore, make sure to store them in a cool, dry, and dark place away from the sun.Īttar is prepared from natural ingredients and has an oil base, while perfumes have chemical formulations and may contain alcohol. What are you waiting for? Take your pick from our list of the 8 best attars in India! Frequently Asked QuestionsĪre there any special care or storage instructions for attars to ensure their longevity?Īttar may last longer when they are protected from heat, air, moisture, and light sources. These attars that have made our list have distinct fragrances that you are sure to fall in love with. They are super long-lasting and have a revitalizing scent. Consider attars with a strong aroma and notes of wood, spices, and oud for men.Īttars are made with natural ingredients like sandalwood, jasmine, roses, spices and have no traces of alcohol. Floral base notes with the scent of musk and wood are the best attars for women as they exude an elegant and feminine appeal. The bass notes play a major role in the outcome of the final aroma. The fragrance component of attars can be broken down into three categories – top notes, middle notes, and base notes. andalwood, rose, mitti attar, and ruh kus attar are best for summers, as they contain cooling properties. Henna, shamama attar, saffron attar, dehn al oud attar, and shamamatul attar are ideal for winters, as they can make you feel warm. Genuine attars are a bit pricey as they are concentrated and produced rarely.Ĭhoose the right kind of other that suits the season. If you come across a cheap one that claims to be pure and natural, it is more likely to be chemically processed. The prices of attar can be quite intimidating. The ideal choice is to get an Attar from a reputed brand or the ones sourced from Kannauj, the perfume capital of India. When you want to buy Attar, it is always best to buy them from authentic sellers as they are high in quality and are the real deal. Not all sellers that you find online are genuine. Here are a few factors that you can keep in mind to ensure you choose only the best! How To Choose The Best Attar They often incorporate marine notes for a revitalizing effect.Choosing the best quality attar in India can be intimidating, especially if you are new to it. Aquatic Fragrances: Aquatic fragrances are fresh and clean, reminiscent of the ocean breeze. They create a playful and refreshing aura.Ĥ. Fruity Fragrances: Fruity scents capture the juicy, sweet essence of fruits like berries, apples, and peaches. They may contain cedar, sandalwood, or other woody elements.ģ. Woody Fragrances: Woody scents are warm and earthy, evoking the aroma of forests and trees. They often include notes of roses, jasmine, lilies, and other blossoms.Ģ. Floral Fragrances: These scents are inspired by flowers and have a fresh, feminine aroma. Here are some of the types of fragrances you can find at IttarStore:ġ. IttarStore offers a diverse range of fragrances to cater to various preferences and tastes. They’re knowledgeable and dedicated to making sure you’re satisfied. Great Customer Service: The friendly staff at IttarStore are always ready to help you find the perfect scent. IttarStore offers high-quality fragrances at prices that won’t break the bank.ĥ. Affordable Prices: You don’t need to spend a fortune to smell great. Long-lasting Aroma: The fragrances from IttarStore are designed to last long, so you can enjoy the wonderful scent all day.Ĥ. Wide Variety of Choice: At IttarStore, you can find a wide range of fragrances to suit every taste. This means you get the purest scents without any harmful chemicals.Ģ. Natural and Authentic Scents: IttarStore offers fragrances made from natural ingredients. Looking for wonderful fragrances that make you feel special? IttarStore is the perfect place for you! Here are some reasons why you should pick IttarStore for all your fragrance desires.ġ. There are about 400 attar perfumeries in Kannauj but only about 10 per cent of them make the mitti attar, according to the government-run Fragrance & Flavour Development Centre (FFDC). Why to purchse fragrance from IttarStore? 12/17/2023 0 Comments Frozen sing along theater(Hey, everything in blue is a link, even-especially-the bold items!).If so, get them, and swap your FastPass+ for something else.įollow on Facebook or Google+ or Twitter or Pinterest!! Then when in the park, see if tickets are available for a convenient show. Until the ticket supply becomes a little clearer, if you really really need to see this show, the thing to do is to book it as FastPass+. So far this summer tickets have been pretty available. the paper tickets that have been the sole way of getting in until now. The FastPass+ offering is new, and it’s not clear yet how many reservations will go to it vs. Show up as early in the window as you can, as you will get better seats. Your ticket or FastPass return will have a window for arriving well before showtime. This may change as Disney World shifts into the quieter fall months. Request your show time and number of tix, and if available you’ll get something like this.Ĭurrently show times are 12.30, 1.30, 2.30, 3.30, 5, 6 and 7. The station is in San Francisco, under an umbrella–though if the location of the show does change, the kiosk likely will move. The show is now available as a Tier Two FastPass+ and you can also grab same-day tickets from a station. The show is continuing at least through 2014, and is widely expected to move from its current home back beyond San Francisco in Streets of America to the American Idol theater. The narrative glue of the re-telling of Frozen is provided by the “Court Historians of Arandelle,” and they are wonderfully funny–so funny that I recommend this show even to those who are not big Frozen fans–though I do think you will have to have seen the movie to get many of the jokes. …On stage visits by most of the key Frozen characters… (There’s a review of the Frozen Parade here , and the Frozen Fireworks here.)Ī sing-along to some of Frozen’s best songs, with the lyrics posted… One element is the For the First Time in Forever: The Frozen Sing-Along Celebration, currently showing in the Premier Theater but expected to be offered later in the old American Idol theater space. The festivities have been extended through 2014, and it’s widely expected that at least parts of the program will continue after then as well. Get in touch via email at calling moved into Disney’s Hollywood Studios this summer, with a parade, fireworks, and a sing-along. I work with all Disney Destinations and destinations outside of Disney. Best of all, my services are absolutely FREE. All packages* will also receive a Disney Gift Card with your final travel documents.As an agent with MickeyTravels (a Platinum Earmarked Agency), I will be on hand to help you with everything from finding your perfect package and I offer rate monitoring to ensure you are receiving the best rate available by Disney. W hen you book your vacation package with me by January 31, 2019, you will be entered to win a FREE Memory Maker/$169 vacation credit. Planning a visit to a Disney Destination to visit with Anna and Elsa? Fill out the form below or send an email to for a FREE, no-obligation quote to book your Disney vacation. Will you be brushing up on your rendition of “Some Things Never Change” and attend the “Frozen 2” Sing-Along this week? Let us know in the comments below! To find out if a movie theater near you will be showing it, please CLICK HERE. Unfortunately, it does appear that the “Frozen 2” Sing-Along version is going to be a very limited re-release. If you have ever visited the Frozen Sing-Along attraction in Disney’s Hollywood Studios, you now how fun this “Frozen 2” Sing-Along re-release is going to be! I mean, what can be more fun than belting out hit tunes with a room full of strangers!? If you have seen “Frozen 2” and haven’t been able to stop singing along to its songs, you are going to love this! It was just announced that the record-breaking movie is going to be re-released in a Sing-Along version at select theaters around the country beginning Friday, January 17. 12/17/2023 0 Comments Metasequoia glyptostroboides lumberUnder the whirling shadow of trees, the natural environment, and the architectural elements jointly build the space border spaces are mutually permeated and overlapped, thus forming a vague space and building the abundant and multivocal spatial layers, and combining the architecture with the environment. The thin pillar supports the slender grid roof, standing among the metasequoia glyptostroboides wood lightly. The architecture is integrated with nature in the quickset hedge against light and shadow. The architecture grows naturally in the metasequoia glyptostroboides wood. Meanwhile, the architecture, as part of nature, blurs the border between the architecture and the surrounding wood through the exclusive texture of the metasequoia. The dialogue between each factor and architectures and sites in the space will form a unique sense of location experience. In the context of nature, the architecture naturally grows in the metasequoia glyptostroboides wood. The rich structure presents shadow and light so that people seem to be immersed in the metasequoia glyptostroboides wood. The architectural structure adopts the slender tree- shaped support pillar and forms an overall structural system along with the diagonal brace of the facade, and the triangle grid structure of the roof. The facade adopts the colored glaze glass and shows the metasequoia glyptostroboides wood by the East Lake through the "opposite" colored glaze printing. The design gets the inspiration from the metasequoia glyptostroboides wood by the East Lake in Wuhan, which shows the metasequoia image of Wuhan. Space is located at Yangchun Lake District in Wuhan. 12/17/2023 0 Comments Hay budden anvil sizesThe thread also contains a link to a database of anvil dimensions vs weight. A user posts a question about a large Hay Budden with a guess of 275 pounds and gets some replies from other users who share their own experiences and opinions. No Amazon affiliate links (they'll be removed by the Automod). internationaltoolcataloglibrary manuals additionalcollections. A forum thread where users discuss the weight of Hay Budden anvils based on their dimensions. No posts promoting crowdfunding projects. No advertising or promoting tools, brands, 25000 woodworking plans, your YouTube channel, etc. This sub is not a place to discuss religion or politics. A relatively short lived company that made millions of anvils. Pants optional, close-toed shoes required. Prillwitz Collection - Medium Hay-Budden Anvil Medium Size Hay-Budden Anvil. Theyre not as awesome as Fisher anvils, but being smaller, lighter, easier to move and easier on the wallet isnt necessarily a bad thing. is this the weight how much do you pay for a real nice anvil steve. You certainly dont need an anvil that size, so if mobility is more important you could easily make do with a smaller Hay Budden or the like. We don't mind if you post a link to a video on your youtube channel, we just ask these submissions are not your primary activity on the subreddit.īe nice to each other or you will get a stern timeout from our over-qualified mod team.ġ. Can any one tell me how old A Hay Budden is the serial number is A22,749. This is not the place to promote your youtube channel. All SPAM will be removed immediately and spammers will be blocked. If you feel your post was caught by the spam filter, message the mods HERE and we'll get all up in there to unclog it. We all love them, we all use them and we want to see what you find! If you're a newbie or DIYer, feel free to ask our experienced experts for advice. Please feel free to submit static images, dynamic images, videos, memes. 12/17/2023 0 Comments Peg solitaire algorithmSince in either case it returns a lower bound, it is also admissible (in fact the only admissible heuristic except the zero heuristic). If they are, the state is not solvable and it returns infinity. If they are not far away, the heuristic simply gives the number of pegs minus one (this is always a lower bound, and if the state is solvable it is also tight). The idea is to prefer states in which no two concentrated groups of pegs are so far away from each other that they will never meet. This again is similar to the previous one, but the distances of some of the positions close to the center were altered a bit to perform better (in the original board). If H,V are the horizontal and vertical distances from the center respectively, then the heuristic's value is 2 max(H,V). This is similar, but with a larger bias towards the center. This heuristic's value of a board is the sum, for each peg on the board, of the Manhattan distance from the center. This is UCS (in our case equivalent to BFS), which as mentioned is very poor for this particular game. All of them have to do with trying to concentrate the pegs on the center (when we played it ourselves it became evident that leaving pegs isolated in one of the edges was a bad strategy, and one should always try and concentrate them on the center). There is a variety of methods to estimate how "promising" a given board is. The A* algorithm turned out to be very good with a sufficiently fine tuned heuristic. On some boards DFS happened to find a solution relatively quickly (for example in the original board) and on others very slowly. The performance varied across different board sizes and shapes. Observe that this rules out BFS, UCS and iterative deepening: we know all goals are in the deepest level, so those algorithms would be extremely inefficient. The goals are exactly the vertices with distance 31 from the root. Consider the following:Ĭombining these, we see that a solution must contain exactly 31 actions and any path of length 31 is a solution. Indeed, we will see that searching works well and solves the game in a very reasonable time.īefore we describe each search algorithm used, we make an important observation about the game's search graph. The game is very suitable for searching: we have a well defined initial state, goal and transitions. We compare several search methods, and show their performance on the original problem and on some variations (different board size/shape). In our project, we have studied this problem and implemented several AI algorithms from class to solve it. The goal of the game is to play until only one peg is left. The peg which was jumped over is removed from the board. A peg can only move into a vacant position, which is two positions away from it (horizontally or vertically, but not both), while jumping over another peg. On each turn, the player takes a peg and moves it. It is a simple one player board game, and a very interesting challenge in terms of AI. IEICE, 73 (1990), 270–273.We chose to solve the game Peg Solitaire, and some generalizations of it. Uehara, R., Iwata, S.: Generalized Hi-Q is NP-complete, Trans. Kanno, E.: Linear Programming Algorithm for Peg Solitaire Problems, Bachelor thesis, Department of Mathematical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 1997 (in Japanese). Journal of Recreational Mathematics, 1 (1968), 121–123. Journal of Recreational Mathematics, 5 (1972), 133–137.Ĭross, D. G.:A Solitaire Game and Its Relation to a Finite Field. Academic Press, London, 1982.ĭe Bruijn, N. KeywordsĪvis, D., and Deza, A.: Solitaire Cones, Technical Report No. Our algorithm can solve all the peg solitaire problem instances we tried and the total computational time is less than 20 minutes on an ordinary notebook personal computer. The performance of these two methods highly depends on the symmetricity and the length of the sequence of required jumps. We proposed two types of backtrack searching, forward-only searching and forward-backward searching. While solving the relaxed problems, we can prove many peg solitaire problems are infeasible. This upper bound saves much time at the next stage of backtrack searching. The algorithms first solve relaxed problems and get an upper bound of the number of jumps for each jump position. We proposed algorithms based on the backtrack search method and relaxation methods for integer programming problem. In this paper, we dealt with the peg solitaire problem as an integer programming problem. The game is classical, and nowadays sold in many parts of the world under the trade name of Hi-Q. Peg solitaire is a one player game using pegs and a board with some holes. 12/17/2023 0 Comments Water tower buildingWindcatchers vary dramatically in shape, including height, cross-sectional area, and internal sub-divisions and filters. The "place of invention" of windcatchers is nonetheless intensely disputed Egypt, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates all claim it. A simple, widespread idea, there is evidence that windcatchers have been in use for many millennia, and no clear evidence that they were not used into prehistory. Windcatchers of varying designs are widely used in North Africa, West Asia, and India. Windcatchers rely on local weather and microclimate conditions, and not all techniques will work everywhere local factors must be taken into account in design. Unlike powered air-conditioning and fans, windcatchers are silent and continue to function when the electrical grid power fails (a particular concern in places where grid power is unreliable and expensive, such as India). Generally, the cost of construction for a windcatcher-ventilated building is less than that of a similar building with conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Neglected by modern architects in the latter half of the 20th century, the early 21st century saw them used again to increase ventilation and cut power demand for air-conditioning. Despite the name, windcatchers can also function without wind. Windcatchers come in various designs, depending on whether local prevailing winds are unidirectional, bidirectional, or multidirectional, on how they change with altitude, on the daily temperature cycle, on humidity, and on how much dust needs to be removed. Architectural element for creating a draftĪn ab anbar (water reservoir) with windcatchers (openings near the top of the towers) in the central desert city of Yazd, Iran Aghazadeh Mansion in Abarkooh, Iran, has an elaborate 18-m windtower with two levels of openings, plus some smaller windtowersĪ windcatcher, wind tower, or wind scoop ( Persian: بادگیر) is a traditional architectural element used to create cross ventilation and passive cooling in buildings. |
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